2 files changed, 457 insertions, 6 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/utils/CharReader.cpp b/src/core/utils/CharReader.cpp
index bf25a01..61bbd64 100644
--- a/src/core/utils/CharReader.cpp
+++ b/src/core/utils/CharReader.cpp
@@ -19,11 +19,31 @@
 #include <algorithm>
 #include <limits>
 
+#include <core/Utils.hpp>
+
 #include "CharReader.hpp"
 
 namespace ousia {
 namespace utils {
 
+/* Helper functions */
+
+/**
+ * istreamReadCallback is used internally by the Buffer calss to stream data
+ * from an input stream.
+ *
+ * @param buf is points a the target memory region.
+ * @param size is the requested number of bytes.
+ * @param userData is a pointer at some user defined data.
+ * @return the actual number of bytes read. If the result is smaller than
+ * the requested size, this tells the Buffer that the end of the input
+ * stream is reached.
+ */
+static size_t istreamReadCallback(char *buf, size_t size, void *userData)
+{
+	return (static_cast<std::istream*>(userData))->read(buf, size).gcount();
+}
+
 /* Class Buffer */
 
 Buffer::Buffer(ReadCallback callback, void *userData)
@@ -40,6 +60,8 @@ Buffer::Buffer(ReadCallback callback, void *userData)
 	startBucket = buckets.begin();
 }
 
+Buffer::Buffer(std::istream &istream) : Buffer(istreamReadCallback, &istream) {}
+
 Buffer::Buffer(const std::string &str)
     : callback(nullptr),
       userData(nullptr),
@@ -331,6 +353,164 @@ bool Buffer::read(Buffer::CursorId cursor, char &c)
 		advance(cur.bucket);
 	}
 }
+
+/* CharReader::Cursor class */
+
+void CharReader::Cursor::assign(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer,
+                                CharReader::Cursor &cursor)
+{
+	// Copy the cursor position
+	buffer->copyCursor(cursor.cursor, this->cursor);
+
+	// Copy the state
+	line = cursor.line;
+	column = cursor.column;
+	state = cursor.state;
+	lastLinebreak = cursor.lastLinebreak;
+}
+
+/* CharReader class */
+
+CharReader::CharReader(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer)
+    : buffer(buffer),
+      readCursor(buffer->createCursor()),
+      peekCursor(buffer->createCursor())
+{
+}
+
+CharReader::CharReader(const std::string &str, size_t line, size_t column)
+    : buffer(new Buffer{str}),
+      readCursor(buffer->createCursor(), line, column),
+      peekCursor(buffer->createCursor(), line, column)
+{
+}
+
+CharReader::CharReader(std::istream &istream, size_t line, size_t column)
+    : buffer(new Buffer{istream}),
+      readCursor(buffer->createCursor(), line, column),
+      peekCursor(buffer->createCursor(), line, column)
+{
+}
+
+CharReader::~CharReader()
+{
+	buffer->deleteCursor(readCursor.cursor);
+	buffer->deleteCursor(peekCursor.cursor);
+}
+
+bool CharReader::substituteLinebreaks(Cursor &cursor, char &c)
+{
+	if (c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
+		switch (cursor.state) {
+			case LinebreakState::NONE:
+				// We got a first linebreak character -- output a '\n'
+				if (c == '\n') {
+					cursor.state = LinebreakState::HAS_LF;
+				} else {
+					cursor.state = LinebreakState::HAS_CR;
+				}
+				c = '\n';
+				return true;
+			case LinebreakState::HAS_LF:
+				// If a LF is followed by a LF, output a new linefeed
+				if (c == '\n') {
+					cursor.state = LinebreakState::HAS_LF;
+					return true;
+				}
+
+				// Otherwise, don't handle this character (part of "\n\r")
+				cursor.state = LinebreakState::NONE;
+				return false;
+			case LinebreakState::HAS_CR:
+				// If a CR is followed by a CR, output a new linefeed
+				if (c == '\r') {
+					cursor.state = LinebreakState::HAS_CR;
+					c = '\n';
+					return true;
+				}
+
+				// Otherwise, don't handle this character (part of "\r\n")
+				cursor.state = LinebreakState::NONE;
+				return false;
+		}
+	}
+
+	// No linebreak character, reset the linebreak state
+	cursor.state = LinebreakState::NONE;
+	return true;
+}
+
+bool CharReader::readAtCursor(Cursor &cursor, char &c)
+{
+	while (true) {
+		// Return false if we're at the end of the stream
+		if (!buffer->read(cursor.cursor, c)) {
+			return false;
+		}
+
+		// Substitute linebreak characters with a single '\n'
+		if (substituteLinebreaks(cursor, c)) {
+			if (c == '\n') {
+				// A linebreak was reached, go to the next line
+				cursor.line++;
+				cursor.column = 1;
+				cursor.lastLinebreak = buffer->offset(cursor.cursor);
+			} else {
+				// Ignore UTF-8 continuation bytes
+				if (!((c & 0x80) && !(c & 0x40))) {
+					cursor.column++;
+				}
+			}
+
+			return true;
+		}
+	}
+}
+
+bool CharReader::peek(char &c) { return readAtCursor(peekCursor, c); }
+
+bool CharReader::read(char &c) { return readAtCursor(readCursor, c); }
+
+void CharReader::resetPeek() { peekCursor.assign(buffer, readCursor); }
+
+void CharReader::consumePeek() { readCursor.assign(buffer, peekCursor); }
+
+bool CharReader::consumeWhitespace()
+{
+	char c;
+	while (peek(c)) {
+		if (!Utils::isWhitespace(c)) {
+			resetPeek();
+			return true;
+		}
+		consumePeek();
+	}
+	return false;
+}
+
+CharReaderFork CharReader::fork()
+{
+	return CharReaderFork(buffer, readCursor, peekCursor);
+}
+
+/* Class CharReaderFork */
+
+CharReaderFork::CharReaderFork(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer,
+                               CharReader::Cursor &parentReadCursor,
+                               CharReader::Cursor &parentPeekCursor)
+    : CharReader(buffer),
+      parentReadCursor(parentReadCursor),
+      parentPeekCursor(parentPeekCursor)
+{
+	readCursor.assign(buffer, parentReadCursor);
+	peekCursor.assign(buffer, parentPeekCursor);
+}
+
+void CharReaderFork::commit()
+{
+	parentReadCursor.assign(buffer, readCursor);
+	parentPeekCursor.assign(buffer, peekCursor);
+}
 }
 }
 
diff --git a/src/core/utils/CharReader.hpp b/src/core/utils/CharReader.hpp
index 8d97d39..a48f5ad 100644
--- a/src/core/utils/CharReader.hpp
+++ b/src/core/utils/CharReader.hpp
@@ -27,7 +27,9 @@
 #ifndef _OUSIA_CHAR_READER_HPP_
 #define _OUSIA_CHAR_READER_HPP_
 
+#include <istream>
 #include <list>
+#include <memory>
 #include <vector>
 
 namespace ousia {
@@ -45,9 +47,8 @@ public:
 	 * Callback function which is called whenever new data is requested from the
 	 * input stream.
 	 *
-	 * @param buf is a pointer at the memory region to which the data should be
-	 * writtern.
-	 * @param size is the size of the
+	 * @param buf is points a the target memory region.
+	 * @param size is the requested number of bytes.
 	 * @param userData is a pointer at some user defined data given in the
 	 * constructor.
 	 * @return the actual number of bytes read. If the result is smaller than
@@ -219,6 +220,14 @@ public:
 	Buffer(ReadCallback callback, void *userData);
 
 	/**
+	 * Initializes the Buffer with a reference to an std::istream from which
+	 * data will be read.
+	 *
+	 * @param istream is the input stream from which the data should be read.
+	 */
+	Buffer(std::istream &istream);
+
+	/**
 	 * Initializes the Buffer with the contents of the given string, after
 	 * this operation the Buffer has a fixed size.
 	 *
@@ -266,14 +275,16 @@ public:
 
 	/**
 	 * Moves a cursor by offs bytes. Note that moving backwards is theoretically
-	 * limited by the LOOKBACK_SIZE of the Buffer, practically it will most likely
-	 * be limited by the REQUEST_SIZE, so you can got at most 64 KiB backwards.
+	 * limited by the LOOKBACK_SIZE of the Buffer, practically it will most
+	 * likely be limited by the REQUEST_SIZE, so you can got at most 64 KiB
+	 * backwards.
 	 *
 	 * @param cursor is the cursor that should be moved.
 	 * @param relativeOffs is a positive or negative integer number specifying
 	 * the number of bytes the cursor should be moved forward (positive numbers)
 	 * or backwards (negative numbers).
-	 * @return the actual number of bytes the cursor was moved.
+	 * @return the actual number of bytes the cursor was moved. This number is
+	 * smaller than the relativeOffs given in the constructor if the
 	 */
 	ssize_t moveCursor(CursorId cursor, ssize_t relativeOffs);
 
@@ -311,6 +322,266 @@ public:
 	bool read(CursorId cursor, char &c);
 };
 
+// Forward declaration
+class CharReaderFork;
+
+/**
+ * Used within parsers for convenient access to single characters in an input
+ * stream or buffer. It allows reading and peeking single characters from a
+ * buffer. Additionally it counts the current column/row (with correct handling
+ * for UTF-8) and contains an internal state machine that handles the detection
+ * of linebreaks and converts these to a single '\n'.
+ */
+class CharReader {
+protected:
+	/**
+	 * Enum to represent the current state of the internal state machine that
+	 * replaces the linebreaks from multiple platforms to a single '\n'.
+	 */
+	enum class LinebreakState { NONE, HAS_LF, HAS_CR };
+
+	/**
+	 * Internally used cursor structure for managing the read and the peek
+	 * cursor.
+	 */
+	struct Cursor {
+		/**
+		 * Corresponding cursor in the underlying buffer instance.
+		 */
+		const Buffer::CursorId cursor;
+
+		/**
+		 * Current line the cursor is in.
+		 */
+		size_t line;
+
+		/**
+		 * Current column the cursor is in.
+		 */
+		size_t column;
+
+		/**
+		 * State of the linebreak replacement statemachine.
+		 */
+		LinebreakState state;
+
+		/**
+		 * Contains the absolute offset in the input stream containing the
+		 * position of the last linebreak. This is used for extracting the
+		 * context (the line) in which an error occured.
+		 */
+		size_t lastLinebreak;
+
+		/**
+		 * Constructor of the Cursor class.
+		 *
+		 * @param cursor is the underlying cursor in the Buffer instance.
+		 */
+		Cursor(Buffer::CursorId cursor, size_t line = 1, size_t column = 1)
+		    : cursor(cursor),
+		      line(line),
+		      column(column),
+		      state(LinebreakState::NONE),
+		      lastLinebreak(0)
+		{
+		}
+
+		/**
+		 * Assigns one cursor to another.
+		 *
+		 * @param buffer is the underlying buffer instance the internal cursor
+		 * belongs to.
+		 * @param cursor is the cursor from which the state should be copied.
+		 */
+		void assign(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer, Cursor &cursor);
+	};
+
+private:
+	/**
+	 * Substitutes "\r", "\n\r", "\r\n" with a single "\n".
+	 *
+	 * @param cursor is the cursor from which the character should be read.
+	 * @param c a reference to the character that should be written.
+	 * @return true if another character needs to be read.
+	 */
+	bool substituteLinebreaks(Cursor &cursor, char &c);
+
+	/**
+	 * Reads a single character from the given cursor.
+	 *
+	 * @param cursor is the cursor from which the character should be read.
+	 * @param c a reference to the character that should be written.
+	 * @return true if a character was read, false if the end of the stream has
+	 * been reached.
+	 */
+	bool readAtCursor(Cursor &cursor, char &c);
+
+protected:
+	/**
+	 * Reference pointing at the underlying buffer.
+	 */
+	std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer;
+
+	/**
+	 * Cursor used for reading.
+	 */
+	Cursor readCursor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Cursor used for peeking.
+	 */
+	Cursor peekCursor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Protected constructor of the CharReader base class. Creates new read
+	 * and peek cursors for the given buffer.
+	 *
+	 * @param buffer is a reference to the underlying Buffer class responsible
+	 * for allowing to read from a single input stream from multiple locations.
+	 */
+	CharReader(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer);
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new CharReader instance from a string.
+	 *
+	 * @param str is a string containing the input data.
+	 * @param line is the start line.
+	 * @param column is the start column.
+	 */
+	CharReader(const std::string &str, size_t line = 1, size_t column = 1);
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new CharReader instance for an input stream.
+	 *
+	 * @param istream is the input stream from which incomming data should be
+	 * read.
+	 * @param line is the start line.
+	 * @param column is the start column.
+	 */
+	CharReader(std::istream &istream, size_t line = 1, size_t column = 1);
+
+	/**
+	 * Deletes the used cursors from the underlying buffer instance.
+	 */
+	~CharReader();
+
+	// No copy
+	CharReader(const Buffer &) = delete;
+
+	// No assign
+	CharReader &operator=(const Buffer &) = delete;
+
+	/**
+	 * Peeks a single character. If called multiple times, returns the
+	 * character after the previously peeked character.
+	 *
+	 * @param c is a reference to the character to which the result should be
+	 * written.
+	 * @return true if the character was successfully read, false if there are
+	 * no more characters to be read in the buffer.
+	 */
+	bool peek(char &c);
+
+	/**
+	 * Reads a character from the input data. If "peek" was called
+	 * beforehand resets the peek pointer.
+	 *
+	 * @param c is a reference to the character to which the result should be
+	 * written.
+	 * @return true if the character was successfully read, false if there are
+	 * no more characters to be read in the buffer.
+	 */
+	bool read(char &c);
+
+	/**
+	 * Resets the peek pointer to the "read" pointer.
+	 */
+	void resetPeek();
+
+	/**
+	 * Advances the read pointer to the peek pointer -- so if the "peek"
+	 * function was called, "read" will now return the character after
+	 * the last peeked character.
+	 */
+	void consumePeek();
+
+	/**
+	 * Moves the read cursor to the next non-whitespace character. Returns
+	 * false, if the end of the stream was reached.
+	 *
+	 * @return false if the end of the stream was reached, false othrwise.
+	 */
+	bool consumeWhitespace();
+
+	/**
+	 * Creates a new CharReader located at the same position as this CharReader
+	 * instance, yet the new CharReader can be used independently of this
+	 * CharReader. Use the "commit" function of the returned CharReader to
+	 * copy the state of the forked CharReaderFork to this CharReader.
+	 *
+	 * @return a CharReaderFork instance positioned at the same location as this
+	 * CharReader instance.
+	 */
+	CharReaderFork fork();
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns true if there are no more characters as the stream was
+	 * closed.
+	 *
+	 * @return true if there is no more data.
+	 */
+	bool atEnd() const { return buffer->atEnd(readCursor.cursor); }
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the current line (starting with one).
+	 *
+	 * @return the current line number.
+	 */
+	int getLine() const { return readCursor.line; }
+
+	/**
+	 * Returns the current column (starting with one).
+	 *
+	 * @return the current column number.
+	 */
+	int getColumn() const { return readCursor.column; }
+};
+
+/**
+ * A CharReaderFork is returned whenever the "fork" function of the CharReader
+ * class is used. Its "commit" function can be used to move the underlying
+ * CharReader instance to the location of the CharReaderFork instance. Otherwise
+ * the read location of the underlying CharReader is left unchanged.
+ */
+class CharReaderFork : public CharReader {
+private:
+	friend CharReader;
+
+	/**
+	 * The reader cursor of the underlying CharReader instance.
+	 */
+	CharReader::Cursor &parentReadCursor;
+
+	/**
+	 * The peek cursor of the underlying CharReader instance.
+	 */
+	CharReader::Cursor &parentPeekCursor;
+
+	/**
+	 * Constructor of the CharReaderFork class.
+	 */
+	CharReaderFork(std::shared_ptr<Buffer> buffer,
+	               CharReader::Cursor &parentReadCursor,
+	               CharReader::Cursor &parentPeekCursor);
+
+public:
+	/**
+	 * Moves the read and peek cursor of the parent CharReader to the location
+	 * of the read and peek cursor in the fork.
+	 */
+	void commit();
+};
 }
 }